Forgery of Official Documents and Abuse of Position

A Legal Guide to Criminal Prosecution, Evidence, and Penalties for Public Officials

Introduction

What Is Considered Official Document Forgery?

According to Article 523 of the Islamic Penal Code: Forgery is defined as “creating, altering, or manipulating official documents, stamps, or signatures in a way that causes harm to another.” 📌 If a public employee or official intentionally forges or manipulates a government document, they may be charged with official forgery.

What Does Abuse of Position Mean?

Abuse of position occurs when an individual uses their official authority or position to engage in unlawful or unethical actions for personal gain or to harm others. 📌 Examples include: issuing unauthorized permits, falsifying reports, using government seals for private purposes, or interfering in official procedures.

Common Examples of These Offenses

️ Forging signatures or seals on government letters or decisions

Issuing fake documents like job appointments, property deeds, or licenses

Misusing government resources or property for personal benefit

Manipulating budget allocations, hiring, or tenders

Issuing false certificates in favor of selected individuals

Altering or deleting records in official databases