What Are the Penalties for Online Fraud (Phishing, Fake Payment Gateways, and Scam Sales) in Iran?

A Legal Guide to Internet Fraud and Cybercrime under Iranian Law

Introduction

With the rise of online shopping and electronic payments, one of the most common crimes in Iran today is online fraud, including:

Creating fake payment gateways (phishing)

False advertising and selling non-existent goods or services

Receiving money but failing to deliver the promised product

Fake Instagram pages and fraudulent online stores

Under Iranian law, these acts are considered computer crimes and fraud, and are punishable by imprisonment, fines, and restitution.

What Is Phishing (Fake Payment Gateway)?

Phishing refers to creating a fake bank payment page that mimics legitimate websites, in order to:

Trick users into entering bank card details

Steal second passwords or dynamic (OTP) codes

Withdraw money from victims’ accounts

According to Article 13 of Iran’s Computer Crimes Law:

“Anyone who unlawfully withdraws funds through computer systems shall be sentenced to 1 to 5 years in prison, a fine equal to the amount stolen, or both.”

What About Fake Sales or Non-Delivery of Goods?

Some individuals promote products or services on Instagram or unlicensed websites where:

The item doesn't exist at all

The product doesn't match the description

The seller disappears after receiving payment

This is considered traditional fraud committed via cyberspace, and falls under Article 1 of the Aggravated Punishment Law for Fraud and Bribery.

What Is the Penalty for Internet Fraud?

In some cases, the complaint may be handled by the Cybercrime or Economic Crimes Prosecutor’s Office.

How to File a Complaint

Save all evidence, including payment receipts, chats, advertisements, and page info

Visit an Electronic Judiciary Services Office and file a complaint under “online fraud” or “phishing”

If you paid through a fake gateway, provide the URL, IP address, and recipient card number

The Cyber Police (FATA) will investigate and forward the case to the public prosecutor

You may request recovery of stolen funds, account freezing, and a ban on the offender’s business activities

Conclusion

Internet fraud — including phishing, fake gateways, or fraudulent sales — is a serious crime under Iranian law. Offenders may face prison time, financial penalties, restitution, and social restrictions. The key to pursuing these cases effectively is gathering clear evidence and seeking legal advice.

Alemohammad Law Office specializes in cybercrime and e-commerce fraud cases. We offer legal consultation, case filing, defense briefs, and victim representation — both in Iran and for Iranians living abroad.

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For a consultation with a specialist attorney, contact Alemohammad Law Office.

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