What Is the Penalty for Spreading False Information Online in Iran?
2025-07-05
A Legal Guide to the Crime of “Publishing Falsehoods” on the Internet
Introduction
With the growth of social media platforms, many people now share unverified or false news, rumors, or defamatory content online — often without realizing the legal consequences. Under Iranian law, this act is classified as “nashr-e akazeeb” (spreading falsehoods) and is a criminal offense that can result in imprisonment or fines.
This article explains:
What counts as “spreading false information”
How it differs from insult or defamation
The applicable laws and punishments
How to file a complaint
What Is Considered “Spreading Falsehoods”?
It refers to publishing or distributing false statements or information with the intent to harm others, defame someone, or disturb public peace.
Examples include:
Fake news posts on Instagram or Telegram
Rumors in WhatsApp or social groups
Publishing false accusations about people or businesses
Sharing made-up news about political, social, or personal issues
Even if the message is just forwarded or reposted, it may still be a crime.
How Is It Different from Insult or Defamation?
Spreading falsehoods does not require accusing someone of a crime — it includes any damaging lies, whether personal or public.
Applicable Legal Provisions
Article 698 of the Islamic Penal Code (Ta’zirat):
“Anyone who, with the intent to harm others or disturb public opinion, publishes falsehoods shall be sentenced to 2 months to 2 years of imprisonment or a fine up to 40 million IRR.”
Article 18 of the Computer Crimes Law:
“Publishing false content via computer systems with the intent to cause harm or mislead public opinion is punishable by up to 2 years in prison or a fine, or both.”
This law applies to online posts, comments, DMs, and even stories.
Common Examples of the Offense
Spreading rumors about someone’s private life, divorce, death, or arrest
Publishing false accusations of corruption or immoral conduct
Posting fake news about public events or political figures
Sharing edited or misleading screenshots or quotes
How to File a Complaint
Collect evidence, including screenshots, usernames, and publication dates
Visit an Electronic Judiciary Services Office and file a complaint for “Publishing Falsehoods via Cyberspace”
If the poster’s identity is unknown, the Cyber Police (FATA) can help trace it using technical tools
Provide details like URL, content, intent to harm, and impact on your reputation or mental peace
Conclusion
Publishing false information online — even as a repost — is a criminal act under Iranian law. It may lead to imprisonment, fines, and in severe cases, social restrictions. Enforcing this law helps protect personal dignity and public trust.
Alemohammad Law Office specializes in cybercrime cases, including false content, defamation, online harassment, and reputation damage.
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