Drinking Alcohol (Shurb-e-Khamr) as a Criminal Offense in Iran

Definition, Punishment, and Legal Procedure under Iranian Islamic Penal Code

Introduction

Under Iranian law, which is based on Islamic jurisprudence (Sharia), the consumption of alcoholic beverages (Shurb-e-Khamr) is classified as a Hadd crime, meaning it carries a fixed and non-discretionary punishment. This offense applies primarily to Muslims, but non-Muslims may also face legal consequences if alcohol is consumed publicly or causes disturbance.

What Is the Legal Definition of Shurb-e-Khamr?

Article 264 of the Islamic Penal Code defines it as:

“Drinking any intoxicating substance, regardless of its type, quantity, effect, or mixture, constitutes Shurb-e-Khamr.”

This means the intoxicating nature of the substance — not the amount consumed or its effect — is what matters legally.

What Is the Punishment for Drinking Alcohol?

Article 265 of the Penal Code:

“The Hadd punishment for a Muslim who drinks alcohol is 80 lashes.”

This is a fixed (Hadd) punishment and cannot be suspended, reduced, or converted — unless repentance (Tawbah) occurs before proof is established or if doubt (Shubha) exists.

Who Can Be Prosecuted for This Crime?

Muslims: Always subject to the 80 lashes if proven

Non-Muslims: Not punished for private consumption, but may be prosecuted if done in public

Minors: Not criminally responsible, though may face disciplinary measures

How Is Drinking Alcohol Proven?